When there are too many teeth for the dental ridge to accommodate. Crowding can make brushing and flossing difficult, which in turn can lead to cavities, gum disease, and bone loss.

Gaps, or spaces, between the teeth as a result of missing teeth or teeth that do not “fill up” the mouth. The most common complaint from those with excessive space is poor appearance, but the health of the gums can be compromised and bone loss may occur if space persists for long periods of time because food and bacteria have a tendency to get lodged in the spaces.

Protrusion– often referred to as ‘overbite’, an excess overjet results in a “buck teeth” appearance where the upper front teeth stick out farther than the lower teeth. The timing for correction of this problem is critical. If treated at the right time, with the use of appliances and braces – there is no need for a complex surgery as an adult.

Underbite – lower teeth sit in front of the upper teeth. This happens when the lower jaw grows at a faster rate than the upper jaw. It is very important to monitor growth in these situations.

Deepbite or Overbite – upper teeth overlap lower teeth; higher chance of wearing teeth, often clenchers and grinders.

Openbite- upper and lower front teeth do not meet resulting in space between them. This can be caused by prolonged thumb sucking, and then perpetuated by the presence of the tongue resting or thrusting between the teeth.

Crossbite – There are two types of crossbites: front and back. A front crossbite occurs when one or more upper teeth are behind one or more lower teeth. A front crossbite can be a result of bad habits such as nail biting or pen biting, trauma, or even losing a baby tooth too early. A back crossbite occurs when the upper teeth are on the inside of the lower teeth, in the back. When this occurs, the patient will usually compensate by moving the lower jaw to one side. If this persists, it can lead to permanent changes in the face and jaws.